Up-Quark的意思|示意

All 16 known constituents, from the humble electron to the esoteric top quark, have now turned up.

所有16种已知成分，从普普通通的电子到晦涩难懂的顶夸克都一一冒了出来。

In our universe, the down quark is about twice as heavy as the up quark, resulting in neutrons that are 0.1 percent heavier than protons.

在我们的宇宙中，底夸克的质量大约是顶夸克的两倍，造成中子比质子重大约0.1%。

Jaffe and his colleagues modeled one family of universes in which the down quark was lighter than the up quark, and protons were up to a percent heavier than neutrons.

Jaffe和他的同事建立了一个类型的宇宙，其中底夸克比顶夸克轻，而质子比中子重1%。

This first recorded particle is a meson composed of an anti-beauty quark – the beauty quark's antiparticle – and an up quark – one of the two common quarks that make up protons and neutrons.

这次实验，第一次记录下来的是一个介子，它是由一个反美夸克（ 美夸克的反粒子）和一个上夸克（组成质子和中子的普通夸克之一）所组成。

The experiments showed that quark spins make up less than 30 percent of the proton's spin.

这些实验证明，夸克自旋最多只占质子自旋的30%。

Meanwhile, the LHC is still operating at only half of its maximum energy, and the ALICE team expects to create even denser forms of quark-gluon plasma as the machine ramps up in the future.

同时，大型强子对撞机仍在开动状态，但只有它最大能量的一半。大型离子对撞机实验的研究小组希望随着对撞机能量的增加能在将来制造出密度再大些的夸克胶子等离子体。