a challenge to a theory的意思|示意

So Descartes ends up with rather a nice and neat physical theory and certainly a very effective challenge to Aristotle.

笛卡尔以美妙清晰的物理学理论解释了这一现象，同时这也是对亚里士多德的有效挑战。

These new changes will surely exert a far-reaching influence on creating and producing value, and are already a new challenge to Marx's Labour value theory.

这些新的特点和变化对价值创造和生产都必将产生深远的影响，对马克思的劳动价值论提出了新的挑战。

The discovery of accelerating expansion of the universe imposes a great new challenge to the modern theory of physics and entrust a new mission to the scientific computation.

宇宙加速膨胀的发现，对现代物理理论提出了新的挑战，也对科学计算赋予了新的任务。