genetic disorder的意思|示意

英语单词genetic disorder指的是由基因突变和遗传引起的一类疾病。这些疾病可以归结为遗传性疾病，它们可以跨代遗传，并且大多数情况下都没有环境因素的影响。这些疾病呈家族遗传性分布，比如家族中的多个成员都会患有同一种遗传性疾病。

Genetic disorders can be genetic or acquired. Acquired genetic disorders are usually caused by alterations or mutations of genetic material that occur over a lifetime, such as those caused by exposure to radiation, toxins, or certain chemicals. Genetic disorders can also be inherited from a parent or be present at birth.

其中，遗传性疾病又可以分为遗传性和传染性，遗传性疾病是由有传承性的基因突变故意引起的，这类疾病可以沿着家族遗传，有些遗传性疾病患者甚至会在出生前就染上，比如新生儿综合征。而传染性疾病是由外在传染源引起的，比如细菌，病毒，这些疾病可以通过气溶胶、血液、各种液体进行传播。

Genetic disorders can cause physical, mental, and developmental abnormalities. Common genetic disorders include cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Huntington’s disease, Marfan syndrome, phenylketonuria, Sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease. Many genetic tests can now be used to detect the presence of genetic disorders.

遗传性疾病可以导致身体、精神和发育障碍。常见的遗传性疾病包括囊性纤维化、唐氏综合征、亨德逊氏病、马凡氏综合征、苯酮尿、细胞贫血，以及泰氏症。现在可以使用许多遗传学检查方法来检测遗传病的存在。

Genetic disorders can often be treated or managed with medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes. Prevention of these disorders is often possible through genetic testing or preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Genetic counselors can provide advice and support to families affected by a genetic disorder.

遗传性疾病通常可以通过药物治疗、手术或生活方式的改变来治疗或管理。通过遗传学检查或移植前遗传诊断，可以预防这些疾病。遗传咨询可以为受遗传病影响的家庭提供建议和支持。