major histocompatibility antigen的意思|示意

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英语单词major histocompatibility antigen的用法讲解

Major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) are glycoproteins found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells in vertebrates. They play an important role in the immune system, specifically in the recognition of self and non-self antigens.

MHC antigens are classified into two different types: class I and class II. Class I MHC antigens are found on the surface of all nucleated cells, and they interact with cytotoxic T cells to destroy infected or abnormal cells. Class II MHC antigens are only found on antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and they present antigens to helper T cells to activate the immune response.

The term \\"major histocompatibility antigens\\" actually refers to the genetic region on chromosome 6 that contains the genes for the MHC antigens. The MHC genes are highly polymorphic, meaning that there are many different alleles (versions of the gene) in the population. This diversity allows the immune system to recognize and respond to a wide range of pathogens.

The study of MHC antigens has important implications in medicine and biology. MHC molecules are the most important targets of the immune response in transplantation and the mismatching of MHC antigens can result in graft rejection. MHC genes are also associated with susceptibility to many diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer.

In conclusion, the major histocompatibility antigens are crucial components of the immune system that play a key role in recognizing and responding to foreign antigens. Understanding their function and diversity has important implications for medical research and clinical practice.